Questions 41–50 of 65. Imported answers require independent review unless marked reviewed.

Topic practice 65 questionsPage 5 of 7

Question 31

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Consider a causal second-order system with the transfer function

with a unit-step

as an input. Let

be the corresponding output. The time taken by the system output

to reach 94% of its steady-state value

, rounded off to two decimal places, is
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Question 32

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The block diagram of a system is illustrated in the figure shown, where

is the input and

is the output. The transfer function

is
Diagram for Electronics and Communication Engineering question 32

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Question 33

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Let the state-space representation of an LTI system be

where

are matrices,

is a scalar,

is the input to the system, and

is its output. Let

and

. Which one of the following options for

and

will ensure that the transfer function of this LTI system is

?
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Question 34

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A single bit, equally likely to be 0 and 1, is to be sent across an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with power spectral density

. Binary signaling, with

and

, is used for the transmission, along with an optimal receiver that minimizes the bit-error probability. Let

form an orthonormal signal set. If we choose

and

, we would obtain a certain bit-error probability

. If we keep

, but take

, for what value of

would we obtain the same bit-error probability

?
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Question 35

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The quantum efficiency (

) and responsivity (

) at a wavelength

(in

) in a p-i-n photodetector are related by
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Question 36

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Two identical copper wires W1 and W2, placed in parallel as shown in the figure, carry currents

and

, respectively, in opposite directions. If the two wires are separated by a distance of

, then the magnitude of the magnetic field

between the wires at a distance

from W1 is
Diagram for Electronics and Communication Engineering question 36

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Question 37

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The dispersion equation of a waveguide, which relates the wavenumber

to the frequency

, is

where the speed of light

m/s, and

is a constant. If the group velocity is

m/s, then the phase velocity is
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Question 38

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In the circuit shown, the breakdown voltage and the maximum current of the Zener diode are 20 V and 60 mA, respectively. The values of

and

are 200

and 1 k

, respectively. What is the range of

that will maintain the Zener diode in the ‘on’ state?
Diagram for Electronics and Communication Engineering question 38

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Question 39

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The state transition diagram for the circuit shown is
Diagram for Electronics and Communication Engineering question 39

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Question 40

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In the circuits shown, the threshold voltage of each nMOS transistor is 0.6 V. Ignoring the effect of channel length modulation and body bias, the values of Vout1 and Vout2, respectively, in volts, are
Diagram for Electronics and Communication Engineering question 40

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