GATE XL discipline:life-sciences PYQs & Answers — Page 107

Questions 1061–1070 of 1235. Imported answers require independent review unless marked reviewed.

Accumulating evidence suggest that Domain Archaea is more closely related to Domain Eukarya than to Domain Bacteria. Which of the following properties are shared between eukaryotes and archaea? (i) Protein biogenesis (ii) Presence of sterol containing membranes (iii) Ribosomal subunit structures (iv) Adaptation to extreme environmental conditions (v) Fatty acids with ester linkages in the cell membrane

Your answerChoose one option.

(ii), (iii) and (v)

(i), (ii), (iv), and (v)

(i) and (iii)

(ii) and (iv)

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Match the antimicrobial agents in group I with their category/mode of action in group II. Group I: (i) Fluoroquinolones; (ii) Amphotericin B; (iii) Tetracycline; (iv) Amoxicillin. Group II: (p) beta lactam antimicrobial; (q) inhibition of protein synthesis; (r) inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis; (s) antifungal agent

Your answerChoose one option.

(i)-(q), (ii)-(s), (iii)-(r), (iv)-(p)

(i)-(s), (ii)-(r), (iii)-(p), (iv)-(q)

(i)-(r), (ii)-(s), (iii)-(q), (iv)-(p)

(i)-(s), (ii)-(r), (iii)-(q), (iv)-(p)

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Match the microorganisms to their predominant modes of transmission. Microorganism: (i) Bordetella pertusis; (ii) Denge virus; (iii) Entamoeba histolytica; (iv) Hepatitis B virus. Mode of Transmission: (p) Vector-borne; (q) Blood-borne; (r) Droplet infection; (s) Contaminated food

Your answerChoose one option.

(i)-(r), (ii)-(p), (iii)-(s), (iv)-(q)

(i)-(s), (ii)-(q), (iii)-(p), (iv)-(r)

(i)-(q), (ii)-(p), (iii)-(s), (iv)-(r)

(i)-(s), (ii)-(r), (iii)-(p), (iv)-(q)

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Match the precursors/intermediates with the corresponding metabolic pathways. Precursor/Intermediates: (i) Inosine monophosphate; (ii) Ornithine; (iii) Chorismate; (iv) Homocysteine. Metabolic pathway: (p) L-methionine biosynthesis; (q) L-tryptophan biosynthesis; (r) Purine biosynthesis; (s) L-arginine biosynthesis

Your answerChoose one option.

(i)-(q), (ii)-(r), (iii)-(s), (iv)-(p)

(i)-(p), (ii)-(r), (iii)-(s), (iv)-(q)

(i)-(r), (ii)-(p), (iii)-(s), (iv)-(q)

(i)-(r), (ii)-(s), (iii)-(q), (iv)-(p)

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Match the scientists to their area of major contribution. Scientists: (i) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; (ii) Carl Linnaeus; (iii) Sir Alexander Fleming; (iv) Louis Pasteur. Area of major contribution: (p) Taxonomy; (q) Antimicrobial agents; (r) Vaccination; (s) Microscopy

Your answerChoose one option.

(i)-(s), (ii)-(q), (iii)-(p), (iv)-(r)

(i)-(s), (ii)-(p), (iii)-(q), (iv)-(r)

(i)-(p), (ii)-(s), (iii)-(r), (iv)-(q)

(i)-(q), (ii)-(p), (iii)-(r), (iv)-(s)

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Which of the following combinations would improve the resolution of a microscope? (i) Increasing the half aperture angle of the objective lens (ii) Decreasing the wavelength of the illumination source (iii) Decreasing the numerical aperture of the objective lens (iv) Decreasing the refractive index of immersion medium

Your answerChoose one option.

(i) and (ii)

(ii) and (iii)

(ii) and (iv)

(i) and (iii)

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Active transport involves the movement of a biomolecule against a concentration gradient across the cell membrane using metabolic energy. If the extracellular concentration of a biomolecule is 0.005M and its intracellular concentration is 0.5M, the least amount of energy that the cell would need to spend to transport this biomolecule from the outside to the inside of the cell is ________ kcal/mol (up to 2 decimal points). (Temperature T = 298K and universal gas constant R= 1.98 cal/mol·K)

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A continuous cell culture being carried out in a stirred tank reactor is described in terms of its cell mass concentration X and substrate concentration S. The concentration of the substrate in the sterile feed stream is S_F = 10 g/L and yield coefficient Y_{x/s} = 0.5. The flow rates of the feed stream and the exit stream are equal (F=5 mL/min) and constant. If the specific growth rate (h⁻¹) μ = \frac{0.3\ S}{(1+S)}, the steady state concentration of S is ____ g/L (up to 1 decimal point).

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The initial concentration of cells (N₀) growing unrestricted in a culture is 1.0×10⁶ cells/mL. If the specific growth rate (μ) of the cells is 0.1 h⁻¹, the time required for the cell concentration to become 1.0×10⁸ cells/mL is ________ hours (up to 2 decimal points).

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The following stoichiometric equation represents the conversion of glucose to lactic acid in a cell: Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP → 2Lactate + 2ATP + 2H₂O If the free energy of conversion of glucose to lactic acid alone is ΔG⁰ = −4700 cal/mol, the efficiency of energy transfer is ______ % (up to 1 decimal point). (ΔG⁰ for ATP hydrolysis is −7.3 kcal/mol)

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GATE XL discipline:life-sciences PYQs

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