GATE CH 2021 CH Q22: Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations

Consider a steady flow of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid through a smooth circular pipe. Let

and

denote the kinetic energy correction factors for laminar and turbulent flow through the pipe, respectively. For turbulent flow through the pipe

Here,

is the average velocity,

is the centerline velocity, and

is a parameter. The ratio of average velocity to the centerline velocity for turbulent flow through the pipe is given by

For

, the value of

is __________ (round off to 2 decimal places).

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