GATE CH 2024 CH Q63: Instrumentation and Process Control

Consider the surge drum in the figure. Initially the system is at steady-state with a hold-up

, which is 50% of full tank capacity,

, and volumetric flow rates

. The high hold-up alarm limit

while the low hold-up alarm limit

. A proportional (P-only) controller manipulates the outflow to regulate the hold-up

. At

increases as a step from

. Assume linear control valves and instantaneous valve dynamics. Let

be the minimum controller gain that ensures

never exceeds

. The value of

, in

, rounded off to 2 decimal places, is ________

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