GATE CSE syllabus 2026

• Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and first order logic. Sets, relations, functions, partial orders and lattices. Monoids, Groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, colouring. Combinatorics: counting, recurrence relations, generating functions.
• Linear Algebra: Matrices, determinants, system of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, LU decomposition.
• Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability, Maxima and minima, Mean value theorem, Integration.
• Probability and Statistics: Random variables, Uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson and binomial distributions. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Conditional probability and Bayes theorem.

Boolean algebra. Combinational and sequential circuits. Minimization. Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point).

Machine instructions and addressing modes. ALU, data path and control unit. Instruction pipelining, pipeline hazards. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage. I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode).

Programming in C. Recursion. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, graphs.

Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide-and-conquer. Graph traversals, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths.

Regular expressions and finite automata. Context-free grammars and push-down automata. Regular and context-free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and undecidability.

Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation. Runtime environments. Intermediate code generation. Local optimisation, Data flow analyses: constant propagation, liveness analysis, common sub expression elimination.

System calls, processes, threads, inter-process communication, concurrency and synchronization. Deadlock. CPU and I/O scheduling. Memory management and virtual memory. File systems.

ER model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, normal forms. File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

• Concept of layering: OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks
• Basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-switching
• Data link layer: framing, error detection, Medium Access Control, Ethernet bridging
• Routing protocols: shortest path, flooding, distance vector and link state routing
• Fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, Basics of IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Transport layer: flow control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets
• Application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email.

• Basic English grammar: tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
• Basic vocabulary: words, idioms, and phrases in context.
• Reading and comprehension, Narrative sequence.

• Data interpretation: data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
• Numerical computation and estimation: ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series. Mensuration and geometry. Elementary statistics and probability.

Logic: deduction and induction, Analogy, Numerical relations and reasoning.

• Transformation of shapes: translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping
• paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions.